Congressional Commission: “…the United States should take steps to reduce the vulnerability of the nation…to attacks with weapons designed to produce electromagnetic pulse (EMP) effects.” by Guy Rodgers Executive Director (Note: this is not the same commission referenced in emails last week, so please read on) Dear Charles, During the past few years warnings about the financial dangers in the sub-prime mortgage market were issued – and unheeded – numerous times. Warnings to the SEC about Bernie Madoff’s investment program were issued – and unheeded – numerous times. Because these warnings were ignored, many Americans, probably including you, have paid quite a price. I know my IRA suffered. Don’t you wish government officials had paid attention before the meltdown happened? Now try to imagine the price we all will pay if government officials do not heed the warnings of an EMP attack – and such an attack happens and wipes out 70% or more of our power grid. Over the past week Brigitte Gabriel and I have sent you two series of emails describing the seriousness of an EMP threat and actions America must take to prevent it from ever happening. Why? Because we want to make sure every ACT! for America member understands this threat, and because we don’t want any of us to be in the position of wishing the warnings were heeded AFTER an EMP attack occurs. The more we have reviewed the various studies on this issue, the more we ask ourselves “why hasn’t America taken action?” Could it be it’s just human nature to not want to think about nationwide chaos, destruction and death? Could it be elected officials don’t want to appear alarmist, or people assume that the complete shutdown of most of our electrical grid simply couldn’t happen? Perhaps this helps explain the following: We note also that the United States has done little to reduce its vulnerability to attack with electromagnetic pulse weapons and recommend that current investments in modernizing the national power grid take account of this risk…These words were not penned by a bunch of wild-eyed alarmists. These words come from the Executive Summary of a report released just this year by the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States. The Congressional Commission was chaired by William Perry, Defense Secretary under President Clinton. Other members include former Democratic Senator John Glenn, former Democratic Representative Lee Hamilton, and former CIA Director James Woolsey, a member of our “sister” organization American Congress for Truth’s Board of Advisors. Is anybody listening? This is why Brigitte and I have spent as much time on this as we have over the past week. The Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack spent nearly eight years studying this threat, and released its report on the threat of an EMP attack to our national infrastructures last year. Less than a year later a congressional commission releases a report that includes similar conclusions and cause for concern. Is anybody listening? The wisest, most prudent, most responsible, and least painful course of action is for the United States to begin dealing with this threat today. The good news is, we don’t have to remain vulnerable. We still have time to defend ourselves, and as Brigitte noted last week, we can do so at a cost that is a fraction of what is being spent on “stimulus” packages and “bailouts.” As Lisa Piraneo, our new Director of Government Relations, observes, what is lacking is sufficient national attention to this threat and thus a lack of political will in Washington. This is why we have launched our 2009 plan to combat the EMP threat. Even if the odds are only 1 in 5, or 1 in 10, that a country like Iran or a terrorist organization were to successfully trigger an EMP attack that knocked out 70% of our electrical grid, why would we want to take such a chance when we can protect ourselves? Or why, if we could protect ourselves, would we want to leave ourselves open to nuclear blackmail from a radical Islamist organization that is threatening an EMP attack? So in this final email of this series, Brigitte and I are appealing to you to join us in getting our campaign to combat the EMP threat launched. If you’ve already become a Contributing Member or Patriot Partner to help us move this forward, we thank you. I can’t tell you how encouraging it is when members like you join us in projects like this – especially one as important as this one. If you haven’t yet responded, will you take action today?
OR
“The United States is highly vulnerable to attack with weapons designed to produce electromagnetic pulse effects.”We have tailored our 2009 campaign to combat the EMP threat after the recommendations found in the reports of these commissions. Therefore there is credibility in what we want done and we believe at least some of our proposals will be seriously considered by lawmakers. We’re not starting from scratch. As the Congressional Commission notes: “The EMP commission has recommended numerous measures that would mitigate the damage that might be wrought by an EMP attack.”Now it’s our turn to, as Brigitte put it, be modern “Paul Revere’s,” to warn America about the disastrous consequences of an EMP attack. I’m appealing to you to join our campaign to combat an EMP attack so that we can do everything we can to ensure that the warnings of a destructive EMP attack are heard and acted on. Because the price of inaction is simply too high. Please sign up to be a Patriot Partner or Contributing Member today. When you sign up to become a Patriot Partner or make a one-time gift as a Contributing Member, you will see different levels of support. For each level of support we’ll send you a gift or gifts as our way of saying “thank you.” (If you prefer to become a Contributing Member by mailing in your contribution, please click here to print out a reply form). How many of us look back and wish preventive action had been taken BEFORE the sub-prime meltdown happened? Let’s do all we can NOW to prevent an EMP attack before it happens. Because one second after it occurs will be too late. Yours for America, Guy Rodgers ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ACT for America P.O. Box 12765 Pensacola, FL 32591 www.actforamerica.org ACT for America is an issues advocacy organization dedicated to effectively organizing and mobilizing the most powerful grassroots citizen action network in America, a grassroots network committed to informed and coordinated civic action that will lead to public policies that promote America’s national security and the defense of American democratic values against the assault of radical Islam. We are only as strong as our supporters, and your volunteer and financial support is essential to our success. Thank you for helping us make America safer and more secure. Do not respond to this e-mail for any reason. To discontinue your membership automatically please, follow the link below. You are registered to receive email as Charles Pedley at the following e-mail address: cpedley.pressing4truth@blogger.com. You must use the correct e-mail address to discontinue your membership. HOW CAN I TELL OTHERS ABOUT YOUR ORGANIZATION? Send a personalized version of this message to your friends. HOW CAN I SUPPORT YOUR ORGANIZATION? Click here to give an online donation. |
Two UCLA economists say they have figured out why the Great Depression dragged on for almost 15 years, and they blame a suspect previously thought to be beyond reproach: President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
After scrutinizing Roosevelt's record for four years, Harold L. Cole and Lee E. Ohanian conclude in a new study that New Deal policies signed into law 71 years ago thwarted economic recovery for seven long years.
"Why the Great Depression lasted so long has always been a great mystery, and because we never really knew the reason, we have always worried whether we would have another 10- to 15-year economic slump," said Ohanian, vice chair of UCLA's Department of Economics. "We found that a relapse isn't likely unless lawmakers gum up a recovery with ill-conceived stimulus policies."
In an article in the August issue of the Journal of Political Economy, Ohanian and Cole blame specific anti-competition and pro-labor measures that Roosevelt promoted and signed into law June 16, 1933.
"President Roosevelt believed that excessive competition was responsible for the Depression by reducing prices and wages, and by extension reducing employment and demand for goods and services," said Cole, also a UCLA professor of economics. "So he came up with a recovery package that would be unimaginable today, allowing businesses in every industry to collude without the threat of antitrust prosecution and workers to demand salaries about 25 percent above where they ought to have been, given market forces. The economy was poised for a beautiful recovery, but that recovery was stalled by these misguided policies."
Using data collected in 1929 by the Conference Board and the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Cole and Ohanian were able to establish average wages and prices across a range of industries just prior to the Depression. By adjusting for annual increases in productivity, they were able to use the 1929 benchmark to figure out what prices and wages would have been during every year of the Depression had Roosevelt's policies not gone into effect. They then compared those figures with actual prices and wages as reflected in the Conference Board data.
In the three years following the implementation of Roosevelt's policies, wages in 11 key industries averaged 25 percent higher than they otherwise would have done, the economists calculate. But unemployment was also 25 percent higher than it should have been, given gains in productivity.
Meanwhile, prices across 19 industries averaged 23 percent above where they should have been, given the state of the economy. With goods and services that much harder for consumers to afford, demand stalled and the gross national product floundered at 27 percent below where it otherwise might have been.
"High wages and high prices in an economic slump run contrary to everything we know about market forces in economic downturns," Ohanian said. "As we've seen in the past several years, salaries and prices fall when unemployment is high. By artificially inflating both, the New Deal policies short-circuited the market's self-correcting forces."
The policies were contained in the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), which exempted industries from antitrust prosecution if they agreed to enter into collective bargaining agreements that significantly raised wages. Because protection from antitrust prosecution all but ensured higher prices for goods and services, a wide range of industries took the bait, Cole and Ohanian found. By 1934 more than 500 industries, which accounted for nearly 80 percent of private, non-agricultural employment, had entered into the collective bargaining agreements called for under NIRA.
Cole and Ohanian calculate that NIRA and its aftermath account for 60 percent of the weak recovery. Without the policies, they contend that the Depression would have ended in 1936 instead of the year when they believe the slump actually ended: 1943.
Roosevelt's role in lifting the nation out of the Great Depression has been so revered that Time magazine readers cited it in 1999 when naming him the 20th century's second-most influential figure.
"This is exciting and valuable research," said Robert E. Lucas Jr., the 1995 Nobel Laureate in economics, and the John Dewey Distinguished Service Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago. "The prevention and cure of depressions is a central mission of macroeconomics, and if we can't understand what happened in the 1930s, how can we be sure it won't happen again?"
NIRA's role in prolonging the Depression has not been more closely scrutinized because the Supreme Court declared the act unconstitutional within two years of its passage.
"Historians have assumed that the policies didn't have an impact because they were too short-lived, but the proof is in the pudding," Ohanian said. "We show that they really did artificially inflate wages and prices."
Even after being deemed unconstitutional, Roosevelt's anti-competition policies persisted — albeit under a different guise, the scholars found. Ohanian and Cole painstakingly documented the extent to which the Roosevelt administration looked the other way as industries once protected by NIRA continued to engage in price-fixing practices for four more years.
The number of antitrust cases brought by the Department of Justice fell from an average of 12.5 cases per year during the 1920s to an average of 6.5 cases per year from 1935 to 1938, the scholars found. Collusion had become so widespread that one Department of Interior official complained of receiving identical bids from a protected industry (steel) on 257 different occasions between mid-1935 and mid-1936. The bids were not only identical but also 50 percent higher than foreign steel prices. Without competition, wholesale prices remained inflated, averaging 14 percent higher than they would have been without the troublesome practices, the UCLA economists calculate.
NIRA's labor provisions, meanwhile, were strengthened in the National Relations Act, signed into law in 1935. As union membership doubled, so did labor's bargaining power, rising from 14 million strike days in 1936 to about 28 million in 1937. By 1939 wages in protected industries remained 24 percent to 33 percent above where they should have been, based on 1929 figures, Cole and Ohanian calculate. Unemployment persisted. By 1939 the U.S. unemployment rate was 17.2 percent, down somewhat from its 1933 peak of 24.9 percent but still remarkably high. By comparison, in May 2003, the unemployment rate of 6.1 percent was the highest in nine years.
Recovery came only after the Department of Justice dramatically stepped enforcement of antitrust cases nearly four-fold and organized labor suffered a string of setbacks, the economists found.
"The fact that the Depression dragged on for years convinced generations of economists and policy-makers that capitalism could not be trusted to recover from depressions and that significant government intervention was required to achieve good outcomes," Cole said. "Ironically, our work shows that the recovery would have been very rapid had the government not intervened."
-UCLA-
http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/FDR-s-Policies-Prolonged-Depression-5409.aspx?RelNum=5409
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